The Military Decision Making Process Essay - 2496 Words

Abstract This paper is an overview of some of the doctrine principles used in the Army when it comes to military decision making, problem solving, and planning. The intent is to better understand and explore different ways to apply this concepts. As Non-commissioned Officers we serve as advisors to our Commanders and leaders. It is imperative that we are involved and able to assist in the planning process of our unit’s operations. We need to have a complete understanding of the seven steps in the Military Decision Making Process (MDMP) and the eight steps in the Troop Leading Procedures (TLP). Using the MDMP enable leaders to see the complete picture and minimizes the potential of overlooking key details during the planning process. Both, the MDMP and TLP are proven methods of problem solving and decision making. But, are this methods only used by Commanders when planning complex missions? These research will show an example of how the TLP can be used into routine events. The one implied difference between the MDMP and the TLP is at the level of command in which they are used. In order to understand this difference we must look into the aspects of the commander’s staff. Overview of the Military Decision Making and Planning Process Sound decision making, problem solving, comprehensive planning skills are some of the pillars of an effective leader. Alongside the attributes and competencies listed in ADP 6-22, there are key essential characteristics that allShow MoreRelatedThe Military Decision Making Process923 Words   |  4 PagesDecision making is identifying the problem, analyzing the problem, find solutions for the problem and decide the solution for the problem. This is the army definition of Decision making. â€Å"Decision making is knowing if to decide, then when and what to decide. It includes understanding the consequence of decisions.†(FM101-5) The military decision-making process (MDMP) is â€Å"An iterative planning methodology to understand the situation and mission, develop a course of action, and produce an operationRead MoreMilitary Decision Making Process647 Words   |  3 PagesMilitary decision making process (MDMP) The MDMP is the Armys solution to decision-making and assists the commander and staff in developing a plan and estimates. The MDMP is analytical and detailed through all levels. The commander decides the procedures to use in each instance, his plan hinges on clear visualization, and he uses the entire staff to make his plan. The steps in the MDMP are the following: Receipt of mission - the structure starts with orders issued by higher headquarters of anRead MoreThe Military Decision Making Process Essay1406 Words   |  6 PagesThe Military Decision Making Process (MDMP) is an analytical and deliberate process that commanders follow using seven steps that includes the receipt of the mission, mission analysis, course of action development, course of action analysis, course of action comparison, course of action approval and orders production. The MDMP gives leaders a thorough process to follow that provides clarity and synchronization for operations even under time-constrained environments. We need an Army that is trainedRead MoreThe Military Decision Making Process1096 Words   |  5 Pages The Military Decision Making Process (MDMP) is a repeating plan of procedures used to understand the situation and mission, develop a course of action, and produce an operation plan or order. The MDMP integrates the intangible and comprehensive aspects of planning and integrates the activities of the commander, staff, subordinate headquarters, and other partner involved in the planning process. We need the MDMP because it allows the leader to apply thoroughness, clarity, sound judgment, logicRead MoreMilitary Decision Making Process And It Essay2225 Words   |  9 PagesMilitary Decision Making Process and It Is Used In Staff Operations In today’s Army the role of the non-commissioned officer (NCO) is ever changing. They are known as the backbone of the Army and play a crucial role in today’s battlefield. The purpose of this essay is to discuss the roles that a Staff NCO plays in an organization and how they ensure our combat effectiveness no matter what situation they are put in. To be combat effective, Soldiers need to carry out the orders that areRead MoreEthical Decision-Making in the Military Decision-Making Process5155 Words   |  21 PagesEthical Decision-Making in the Military Decision-Making Process Contribution to the JSCOPE 2000 Conference â€Å"Moral Considerations in Military Decision Making†. Dr. D. (Desiree) Verweij Lieutenant Colonel G.A.A.M. (Gà ©rard) Cloà ¯n (drs.) Major E.C. (Erhan) Tanercan MED (drs.) E-mail: ilmo@army.disp.mindef.nl Tel: +31 76 527 46 53 begin_of_the_skype_highlighting +31 76 527 46 53 end_of_the_skype_highlighting Introduction A great deal hasRead MoreMilitary Decision Making Process ( Mdmp ) Essay1266 Words   |  6 Pages Military Decision Making Process SGT Williams, Christina Non-Commissioned Officers Academy Advance Leaders Course Class # 172-16 Phase 1 DL Abstract The Military Decision Making Process (MDMP) is a decision-making model to assist military members in making sound military decisions and to compile operation orders. This paper will describe MDMP and show how it can be applied to daily operations. The paper will identify the steps in the model and describe how critical thinkingRead MoreThe Military Decision Making Process Essay1235 Words   |  5 PagesThe Military Decision Making Process The Military Decision Making Process (MDMP) is a decision-making model to assist military members in making sound military decisions and to compile operation orders. This paper will describe MDMP and apply it to a recent job-related decision of the author; preparation for a combat logistics patrol (CLP) while deployed in Iraq. The paper will identify the steps in the model and describe how critical thinking impacted the decision. The Steps of the Military DecisionRead MoreMilitary Decision Making Process Essay885 Words   |  4 PagesIn the view of global security,(2011) The military decision making process abbreviated as MDMP is a planning model that establishes procedures for analyzing a mission, developing and comparing courses of action(COA) that are best suited to accomplish the higher commander’s intention and mission. The MDMP comprise of seven stages and each stage depends on the previous step to produce its own output. This means that a mistake in the early stage will affect all the other stages that follow. These stepsRead MoreMilitary Decision Making Process ( Mdmp )1243 Words   |  5 Pages Military Decision Making Process (MDMP) SGT Alexander, Joseph Non-commission Officers Academy Senior Leader Course ALC 166-16 Phase 1 dL Abstract The historical process of creating and implementation of the Military Decision Making Process has changed significantly since World War I. The US Army did not have a published staff doctrine or guidance to assist commanders in the decision making process. The Regulations for Field Maneuvers (1910), did not provide staff guidance

Osmosis in onion cell free essay sample

INRODUCTION A living plant cell will shrinks or swells depending on the solute concentration of the cell in relation to the solute concentration of the fluid surrounding the cell (1). It follows that water will move from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration therefore, if a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution water will move from the cell into the solution until the cell shrinks(1). Further water loss causes can cause the cells protoplasm to peel away from the cell wall leaving a gap between the cell wall and the cell membrane, a process called plasmolysis(1) However if the cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, water will move from the solution into the cell and cause the cell to burst (1). A cell in an isotonic solution neither swells nor shrinks because there is no concentration gradient for water across the cell membrane (1) The objective of this experiment is to find out the effect distilled water, 3% sodium chloride solution and 5% sodium chloride solution have on onion epidermal cells. We will write a custom essay sample on Osmosis in onion cell or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page From the above literature, its hypothesised that the cells in distilled water should maintain their shape, cells in 3% sodium chloride should shrink and the cells in 5% sodium chloride should experience more shrinking than that of the 3% solution. The onion epidermal cell is transparent with a simple structure so it is a suitable cell for studying the effect of water loss on cells (2) Some specimens can be viewed directly underneath the microscope but putting a drop of water on the specimen can improve how the structures appear under microscope and also prevent the specimen from drying out on the slide (2). Adding water to the specimen is called wet mount. The liquid used in wet mount fills the space between the slides to support the specimen and also allows light to pass through easily (3). The liquid is usually water can also be a stain. Stains are used in microscopy to highlight structures in biological structures for viewing under microscopes (3). There are many types of stains each is used for its own benefits, iodine, eosin are some of the common stains used in the microscopy (3). Iodine is used as a cell stain because   it’s absorbed by cell organelles which are mostly transparent and turn them coloured making them more visible under the microscope (3). It was found that the cells which were placed in 3% solution increased in size contrary to the hypothesis. The cells placed in 5% solution shrank and cells in placed in normal saline kept their normal shape. MATERIALS Glass slide Cover slip Onion tissue Dropper Light miscrope Iodine Sodium chloride (NaCl) Distilled water Tweezers Measuring tube Bunsen tube Pipette Blotting paper Stage micrometer METHOD Lay down three different slides labelling the three different solution you intend to use. Peel a thin layer of tissues (epidermis) using the forceps (tweezers) from the whole onion. Put the epidermis on the center of each of the slide displayed and labelled. Drop a few drops of each of the labelled solutions onto the onion membrane, making sure the tissues is flattened and not wrinkled on the slide. Wait for 3 minutes before putting a cover slip on the slide. Put the cover slip on the stained tissue and the different solutions involve. Gently tap out any air bubbles and try to soak out any extra solution around the covered tissues. Adjust the diaphragm so that the right amount of light is shining on the slide stage. Put the slide onto the microscope stage and fix with the stage clips Observe the tissues under the microscope under low, medium and high powers. Also making sketches, writing  down observation. Making sure of an eye piece graticule and stage micrometer scale to measure cells and units. Be sure to write what magnification for each sketch. Make sure you label any organelles you see. Cell wall, membrane, nucleus and cytoplasm Calculate magnification of drawings and actual sizes of specimens DATA The eye piece graticule remains constant no matter what magnification the epidermis are looked at. RESULTS DISCUSSIONS CONLUSION References 1. Sperelakis, Nicholas (2011). Cell Physiology Source Book: Essentials of Membrane Biophysics. Academic Press. p. 288. ISBN 978-0-12-387738-3. 2. Horobin RW, Kiernan JA (2002) Conns Biological Stains. A Handbook of Dyes Stains and Fluorochromes for Use in Biology and Medicine. 10th ed. Oxford: BIOS. ISBN 1-85996-099-5 3. Clark G (1981) Staining Procedures, 4th ed., Baltimore: Williams Wilkins, p. 412, ISBN 0683017071.

Mimicry In Nature Essays - Mimicry, Biology, Polymorphism, Behavior

Mimicry In Nature THE GREAT IMPOSTERS Finding good day care can certainly pose a problem these days, unless, of course, you're an African widow bird. When it comes time for a female widow bird to lay her eggs, she simply locates the nest of a nearby Estrildid finch and surreptitiously drops the eggs inside. That's the last the widow bird ever sees of her offspring. But not to worry, because the Estrildid finch will take devoted care of the abandoned birds as if they were her own. And who's to tell the difference? Though adult widow birds and Estrildid finches don't look at all alike, their eggs do. Not only that, baby widow birds are dead ringers for Estrildid finch chicks, both having the same colouration and markings. They even act and sound the same, thus ensuring that the widow bird nestlings can grow up among their alien nestmates with no risk of being rejected by their foster parents. MASTERS OF DISGUISE Things aren't always as they seem, and nowhere is this more true than in nature, where dozens of animals (and plants) spend their time masquerading as others. So clever are their disguises that you've probably never known you were being fooled by spiders impersonating ants, squirrels that look like shrews, worms copying sea anemones, and roaches imitating ladybugs. There are even animals that look like themselves, which can also be a form of impersonation. The phenomenon of mimicry, as it's called by biologists, was first noted in the mid-1800s by an English naturalist, Henry W. Bates. Watching butterflies in the forests of Brazil, Bates discovered that many members of the Peridae butterfly family did not look anything like their closest relatives. Instead they bore a striking resemblance to members of the Heliconiidae butterfly family. Upon closer inspection, Bates found that there was a major advantage in mimicking the Heliconiids. Fragile, slow-moving and brightly coloured, the Heliconiids are ideal targets for insectivorous birds. Yet, birds never touch them because they taste so bad. Imagine that you're a delicious morsel of butterfly. Wouldn't it be smart to mimic the appearance of an unpalatable Heliconiid so that no bird would bother you either? That's what Bates concluded was happening in the Brazilian jungle among the Pieridae. Today, the imitation of an inedible species by an edible one is called Batesian mimicry. Since Bates' time, scientists have unmasked hundreds of cases of mimicry in nature. It hasn't always been an easy job, either, as when an animal mimics not one, but several other species. In one species of butterfly common in India and Sri Lanka, the female appears in no less than three versions. One type resembles the male while the others resemble two entirely different species of inedible butterflies. Butterflies don't "choose" to mimic other butterflies in the same way that you might pick out a costume for a masquerade ball. True, some animals, such as the chameleon, do possess the ability to change body colour and blend in the with their surroundings. But most mimicry arises through evolutionary change. A mutant appears with characteristics similar to that of a better protected animal. This extra protection offers the mutant the opportunity to reproduce unharmed, and eventually flourish alongside the original. In the world of mimics, the ant is another frequently copied animal, though not so much by other ants as by other insects and even spiders. Stoop down to inspect an ant colony, and chances are you'll find a few interlopers that aren't really ants at all but copycat spiders (or wasps or flies). One way you might distinguish between host and guest is by counting legs: Ants have six legs while spiders have eight. Look carefully and you might see a few spiders running around on six legs while holding their other two out front like ant feelers. COPYCATS Mimicry can not only be a matter of looking alike, it can also involve acting the same. In the Philippine jungle there is a nasty little bug, the bombardier beetle. When threatened by a predator, it sticks its back end in the air, like a souped-up sports car, and lets out a blast of poisonous fluid. In the same jungle lives a cricket that is a living xerox of the bombardier beetle. When approached by a predator, the cricket will also prop up its behind -- a tactic sufficient to scare off the enemy, even though no toxic liquid squirts out. Going one step further than that is a native of the United States, the longicorn beetle, which resembles

A comparison of two needs assessment models Essay Example

A comparison of two needs assessment models Essay Example A comparison of two needs assessment models Essay A comparison of two needs assessment models Essay Compare two theoretical accounts of appraisal, planning, and coordination pattern for working with handicapped, older people, or a specific group of people. You need to choose two theoretical accounts of appraisal, planning, and coordination, and guarantee that there is sufficient item in both of your choices to cover all of the needed constituents ( appraisal, planning, and coordination ) Specific groups of people may include but is non limited to: Children and immature people with high and complex demands ( uses CYCS definition ) Peoples with autism spectrum upsets ( ASD ) Peoples with cognitive damages Peoples with dementedness Peoples with double diagnosing of disablement and mental wellness demands Peoples with multiple damages Or you may wish to choose an alternate group of people The theoretical accounts may include may include but non limited to: Strength-based theoretical accounts Social function valorization Rights Entitlements Needs appraisal and service coordination Case direction Care coordination 5.1 NEEDS ASSESSMENT SERVICE COORDINATION This is an appraisal plan which provides comprehensive wellness demands appraisal services and coordination for handicapped people, people with mental wellness issues and old age people. They facilitate and place support demands of an person, supply support and services coordination single demands and taking into the history of the family/whanau or carers. Strength: The chief focal point of the demands appraisal is to place the indispensable aid needed by an single individual guaranting that wellness services using its appropriate resources to better the wellness of an person in its most efficient manner. This is the most utile procedure in sorting what specific needs is appropriate for an single ( people with dementedness, kids with high complex demands and people with mental issues ) because the service coordinator provides elaborate treatment and understanding to the single and people involved in the intervention. Most relevant/specific to the community because it serves and assist an person to go independent as possible. Failings: This attack is with clip limitations because the demands appraisal may merely take up one to two hours depending on the agreement. The appraisal does non warranty that the proviso of all services may be rendered based on the persons need because the committedness and resources can act upon back uping demands. This service covers merely for those who are eligible under this proviso. Appraisal: Needs Assessment Services and Coordination is developed by the Ministry of Health or District Health Board that provide proviso of services for handicapped people, people with mental wellness jobs and older people who needs support harmonizing to their age. By and large they are indispensable to supply three services for an person or specific group of people: They assist demands appraisal Provide service planning and co-ordination Provide resource distribution within identified budget. Planning: Meet the intent of the Ministry of Health needs appraisal services and coordination criterions, specification of services and MOH definite criterions. Client engagement harmonizing to mental capacity. Engagement of family/whanau or carer. Based on single appropriate behaviour. COORDINATION SERVICES: By and large, services offered are personal attention, family direction, carer support, reprieve attention, residential attention and twenty-four hours attention services. Peoples aging 65 old ages of age and above and who are dependent in map and needs aid with activities of day-to-day life such as: Peoples presently discharged from infirmary which require short term support Individual under the attention of Mental Health Servicess Peoples with long term chronic status Peoples who needs alleviative attention and support. Comparison: Position: Needs Assessment Services and Coordinator is a designated duty that aid proper demands appraisal, allocate service coordination and budget administration for people aging 65 and above, and besides those people who meet the criterions for disablement services. This strategy comprises blessing procedure for right of entry to residential attention. Summary OF THE EXPECTED OUTCOME: This attack works with people who have identified with support demands such as people with disablement, ageing people with high demands and people with mental wellness issues. NASC provide people support and usage resources expeditiously. The judge conducts comprehensive appraisal to an single including with the household. Therefore the primary intent of the Needs Assessment Service Coordination is to detect what type of demand, support or services an person is eligible in order for them to go independent as possible. CARE COORDINATION Care coordination indicates organizing and back uping the person’s attention and maintaining it certain that there is team leader for the demands of that individual. Care Coordination for Older People ends is to keep the wellness and promote independency of older people shacking in the community. Besides this emphasizes the support for the old people to populate in their abode. This work commence in coaction with the Aged Adults Services, GP application, Acute DHB, Home and Community Support Services, Aged residential Care Providers. Strength: This attack covers intensive, timely appraisals and reappraisals with a minimal every 6 months or even as necessary. Decision devising is coordinated across all scenes of attention and support Care Coordinator with extended experience is working with elderly people with disablements. This attack is normally member centered attention and support squad including the household, GP, and health professionals. Failings: This attack needs on-going research for its effectivity of attention. Qualification of the member should be good trained, adept and skilled. Clinicians and specializers seldom exchange information and in non standard manner therefore an inauspicious result in patient attentions. Appraisal: Care Coordination Behaviors inclusive primary appraisal and re-assessment of an single age group which identify member ends, demands, carer and services directing to the development of an single program of attention. Coordination of determination devising is required in all scenes of attention, support and services comprising of behavioural wellness, work, and societal activities. Coordination squad works toward run intoing the alone demands of an single or each member Organizing right to utilize to community-based wellness support services for elderly people populating in New Zealand neither short or long term attention. Planning: Adopt this attention scheme that will show well-coordinated, person-oriented and focused on household services towards all scenes. Family, friends and other health professionals should be supported and given chances to obtain the needful accomplishments, cognition and thoughts to keep the appropriate attention for older grownups. This theoretical account provides quality attention for older grownups concentrating the whole individual necessitating an interdisciplinary group with proficiency in dotage and geriatrics. Provide curative relationship with an person, household, carer, GP and other people involve in interdisciplinary squad. Coordination: Care Coordination focused on persons with certain wellness issues, hospitalization status and functional limitations. Structured attack in covering with single with high support demands specifically older people. Consolidation of direct attention workers into coordination of attention novices partnership among attention suppliers, clients and the family/whanau. Team-based, interdisciplinary sustain unfastened interactions, an single feels that they are most supported and value of attention develops. Comparison: Position: Quality of life of older people and older grownups focal points on the holistic position of an person, the household, friends and other members of the attention squad, get downing group expertness in caring an aged and gerontology stressing people who are delicate or have multiple wellness issues. Care coordination for older people optimizes map and quality of life for all single maintaining them to keep their independency and self-respect. SUMMARY OF EXPECTED OUTCOME: Care Coordination is an intended organisation of patient attention activities affecting two or more participants. This theoretical account aids the proper bringing of wellness attention services of an single demands, support and services. Furthermore, older people populating in their places contacted community-based wellness support services expresses satisfaction with their degree of support. Quality of life of older grownup and older people covered with this attack improved. Mentions: Lakes District Health Board Needs Assessment Service Coordination by Sue Wilkie ( 22/05/2014 ) Retrieved July 31, 2014 from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lakesdhb.govt.nz/Article.aspx? ID=7609 NASCA Needs Assessment Service Coordination ( 2014 ) no dates no writer Retrieved: August 01, 2014 from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nznasca.co.nz/services/ Ministry of Social Development Care Coordination Center for Older Peoples Retrieved Ministry of Social Development ( August 02,2014 ) from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.msd.govt.nz/what-we-can-do/seniorcitizens/positive-ageing/goals/index.html Elder Workforce Alliance Care Coordination and Older Adults Brief by Eldercare Workforce Alliance ( EWA ) and National Coalition on Care Coordination Retrieved August 02, 2014 from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.eldercareworkforce.org/research/issue-briefs/research: care-coordination-brief/

Virgin group and diversification strategies Article

Virgin group and diversification strategies - Article Example ly on the services to the customers, but beliefs in the value added services to the customers, they further appreciated Virgin Group for categorization of its customers into different groups, and its success in offering services of extreme variance to the customers, the aspirations and expectations of each customer has been incorporated into the diversified range of services and offers provided by the Virgin Group. Debates There is common understanding among the analysts that is 'the Virgin Group is one of those organizations where diversification has almost become a brand value in itself' (Robert, 2004). The diversification strategies adopted by the group has been responsible for the phenomenal rise in the Virgin Group's revenue, 'the sheer volume of the Virgin Group's revenues provide illustration of just how effective a diversification strategy can be in driving growth' (Robert, 2004). The Virgin Group has adopted a simple technique which is responsible for its phenomenal growth i.e. 'over-arching brand into new business areas'. It has been normally observed that when the companies are involved in different set of services, such companies launch different names for their services, however in the case of Virgin Group it's the common name which is also attributed with the success. The launch of different services and schemes under common banner has played vital role, and is regarded as crucial among t he diversification strategy. It has been observed that different companies have launched different trading names, but Virgin Group has tried to refrain itself from such scheme, it has avoided the formation of different subsidiary units and companies only 'being tailored for the market in question' (Robert, 2004). Virgin Group has successfully carried out its... There is common understanding among the analysts that is 'the Virgin Group is one of those organizations where diversification has almost become a brand value in itself' (Robert, 2004). The diversification strategies adopted by the group has been responsible for the phenomenal rise in the Virgin Group's revenue, 'the sheer volume of the Virgin Group's revenues provide illustration of just how effective a diversification strategy can be in driving growth' (Robert, 2004). The Virgin Group has adopted a simple technique which is responsible for its phenomenal growth i.e. ‘over-arching brand into new business areas'. It has been normally observed that when the companies are involved in different set of services, such companies launch different names for their services, however in the case of Virgin Group it’s the common name which is also attributed with the success. The launch of different services and schemes under common banner has played vital role, and is regarded as cr ucial among the diversification strategy. It has been observed that different companies have launched different trading names, but Virgin Group has tried to refrain itself from such scheme, it has avoided the formation of different subsidiary units and companies only 'being tailored for the market in question'. Virgin Group has successfully carried out its diversification schemes and operations under common name, the Virgin Group has ignored and avoided d previous such corporate practices where 'many entrepreneurs prefer to establish new businesses.

If employee involvement and participation were used effectively by Essay

If employee involvement and participation were used effectively by organistions many conflicts would never occur - Essay Example company’s production output efficiency as well as employee’s commitment in attaining the organizational goal and overall financial success of the business. (Bryson, 1999) Basically, increasing a company’s production output contributes a lot of savings in terms of being able to maximize the company’s fixed costs. Eventually, a higher production rate increases the company’s profitability from the sales of products and services. With regards to the practice of employee involvement, several authors have noted that each type of employee involvement technique or a combination of these techniques have different effects on employee’s performance. (Cabrera, Ortega, & Cabrera, 2003; McNabb & Whitfield, 1998) In line with the purpose of this study, HR student will first define the meaning of employee involvement. Given that each type of employee involvement technique or a combination of these techniques have different effects on employee’s performance, there is a need for the HR student to identify and discuss the different types of employee involvement and participation techniques including the significance of reward systems in terms of solving organizational conflicts that could hinder the attainability of organizational goals and objectives. Eventually, the benefits of employee involvement and participation will be thoroughly discussed. Prior to conclusion, the HR student will discuss some of the challenges that human resource managers will be facing when implementing employee involvement and participation including the recommended ways on how human resource managers could implement employee involvement and participation in order to solve organization conflicts. Employee involvement is considered as â€Å"the voluntary employer-led initiatives that are designed to encourage more active employee to participate in the business organization.† (Caldwell, 1993) Among the long list of benefits associated with the implementation of employee involvement and

Investigating Bubble Wrap as an Insulator Essay Example for Free

Investigating Bubble Wrap as an Insulator Essay Apparatus   Kettle Water   Small Plastic Bag What are we going to do? We are going to experiment for which bubble wrap or bag is the best insulator. We are doing this experiment because to prove my research in the hypothesis. We will test the big bubble wrap, small bubble wrap, a plastic bag and just the steel can. To extend the experiment we will test the bubbles facing inwards and outwards of the steel can. This will be used for the big bubble wrap and small bubble wrap. 1. First we will boil up some water in a kettle. 2. Then, we will measure the 140ml in a measuring cylinder. This is because we wont to know how easily heat energy can escape through the can. 3. We shall pour the 140ml of hot water on the steel can. 4. We will put a plastic lid on top of the can. A thermometer will be put through a pierced hole into the middle of the plastic lid. 5. Later we will measure the temperature. 6. As soon as the temperature falls to 84 degree, we will start the timing. 7. We will record the temperature every minute for 10 minutes. After ten minutes the experiment will be done. 8. We will repeat the experiment to find an average temperature for every minute. 9. Finally we well repeat this experiment for the big bubble wrap facing in and out of the can, the small bubble wrap facing in and out of the can and the plastic bag around the steel can. We have chosen to start every experiment at 84 degrees because we think the water may not reach temperatures as high as 90 degrees. For a fair test we will measure the temperature at every minute to make equal spacing of time between each reading of time. ANALYSIS Apparatus Small Plastic Bag Method In my experiment I kept many of the things I was going to do, the same. But after finding a couple of difficulties in the experiment I had to alter a couple of things. They were:    The process of measuring the hot water. I found out that the temperature of the water decreased rapidly so I could not start the experiment at 84 degrees. So I changed the process of measuring the water. Instead of measuring the water after boiling it up, I measured the water before boiling it up. This meant that I had to put 5ml of extra water in the kettle because a tiny bit of the water would have been evaporated.   Inserting more water into the steel can. I found out that the steel can was not being filled to the top. This meant that the air between the lid and water had been transferring heat energy by convection. I stopped this by adding 10 extra millilitres of water into the steel can. Conclusion In my results table I have observed that the big bubble wrap was the best insulator. The small bubble wrap was a worse insulator than the big bubble wrap and although the plastic bag was the worst insulator, it was the best insulator. The results of the experiment with no covering on the steel can did not fit the graph. This is because the graph showed that the experiment with no covering on the steel can was a good insulator. I would have thought that no covering on the steel can would have helped the heat energy escape. The only explanation for why the graph showed that the experiment was a good insulator is that a big, thick object would have been near the steel can preventing from escaping so easily. In my prediction, I said that the big bubble wrap would be the best insulator. This is because there is a lot gas in each bubble preventing heat energy from escaping so easily. The atoms in a gas are little and very spread out which makes the vibration of one atom to another very hard. I also said that the plastic bag was a good conductor because the heat energy only had go through the steel can and plastic bag. There was not much gas between the steel can and plastic bag together because the plastic bag was close to the steel can. Heat energy can go through a solid easily by conduction because the atoms are close together making the vibrating of each atom easy. This theory has been proved by my results and graph. I decided to record the temperature at every minute in each the experiment, because then I would have a wide range of results of the temperature decreasing. EVALUATION There were some things that were not fair which made the experiment go wrong a little. They were:- 1. The reading of the temperature. Sometimes I would not reading the temperature because the marks on the thermometer were squashed together so I could not read the numbers so easily. If I had a high-tech piece of equipment (e. g. a computer) then I could connect a thermometer to the computer and just read the temperature off the computer. 2. The reading of the temperature APPROXIMATELY every minute. Most of the time I could not read the temperature exactly every minute. Sometimes I was reading the temperature before the minute and sometimes after the minute. This effected my results because some results read the same and some had a big decrease (like the point at the orange circle). I could get solve this problem by also using a computer and connecting a stopwatch to it so the temperature could be given at exactly every minute. 3. The rounding off of a number after being read. Many of the numbers that I read were not whole numbers. So I had to result to rounding the number off. This effected my results because again some results read the same and some had a big decrease. If the thermometer had smaller marks telling you the numbers then I could have precise results. We could result to using a computer. I was not happy with my results with my results for no covering at 1 minute (marked orange circle) because of all the reasons above. These reasons are why my graph a bit out of shape. Although my graph was not accurate, my results were reliable to prove my prediction. My results clearly show that the big bubble wrap was the best insulator (and a bad conductor) and the experiment with the bag was the worst insulator (and a good conductor). I could make my results better by repeating the whole experiment again but this time using all the suggested I have given. If I were to do this then I would get the accurate results and prove that the experiment without covering would be the worst insulator. I would do the experiment three or four times to get a better and more reliable average. My results are not sufficient to prove my conclusion. I think I would have to do the experiment with no covering again to at least make my conclusion right.